EBM Homework

Posted: August 27th, 2021

Cognitive Science 1 – EBM Homework

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Cognitive Science 1 – EBM Homework

Problem #1

1. NNT

It implies that if 91 patients are given the treatment, they will surely not suffer from the hip fracture again.

• COPE

From Epocrates Online, the cost of the Fosamax brand is $163.4 for 4 tablets.

Therefore,

However, Fosamax is offered as a weekly dose at the cost of $40.85

Generic Alendronate costs $10.23 per tab per week.

Therefore, COPE on Generic Alendronate

• Cost Of Preventing One Hip Fracture In 3 Years

Therefore, the cost of preventing one hip fracture is $580859.3174, and treatment $6390.Thus, it is economical to treat than to prevent as treatment cost is less than COPE.

Problem #2

1. NNT

This implies that 116 patients should be given the treatment to prevent one adverse event from occurring.

• How does Palvix cost monthly?

           The daily cost of Palvix= $6.50

The 1996 article reveals that patients on Plavix® experienced cardiovascular events 9.78%

Thus,

• Interpretation of Values

            Plavix is a thienopyridine type of drug that is administered orally to inhibit blood clotting. From the above analysis, in the 1996 study, patients on Plavix® experienced cardiovascular events 9.78% so that EER= 9.78%.Control Event Rate (CER) is the rate of effects produced as a placebo. In this case, aspirin is considered to compare the effects of clopidogrel for this equation of CER is 10.64%.Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) is the difference between impact produced by a pharmacological agent and pharmacological control agent so that The Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR) = Experimental event rate (EER) – Control event rate (CER).

Problem #3

The NNT of heart disease prevention is an essential measure in pharmacy-economics since its clinical endpoint is a heart attack or even death. Therefore, drugs with high NNT values can be shown in particular situations with devastating results. Hence, when the clinical endpoint is minor, health insurers can fail to reimburse drugs ranked as high NNT.

Problem #4

            The listed data on type 2 diabetes is very comprehensive. It can be utilized effectively to ensure multiple preventions, diagnosis, and cure and adequately understand the disease symptoms. Equally, the dates should be included to get more relevant data from the National Guideline Clearing House search. At the same time, it is also tedious to collect the same data from Google search. This is especially notable when searching the data in a doctor’s busy examination room due to multiple links that you have to go through to obtain the results. Besides, as demonstrated in EHR, calculators should be part of mobile technology to ease their usage and application in the medical field. Thus, in this way, both patients and doctors can easily utilize the data according to the provided guidelines.

Problem #5

In the hospital (P), what is the effect of the new clinical decision support system (I) on decrease medical errors (O) compared to the previous system (C) within a year (T)?