History

Posted: August 25th, 2021

Student’s Name

Instructor’s Name

Course

Date

History Exam

Tribe

A tribe refers to a group of persons with a joint ancestry and a common culture and dialect. Members of a tribe also share blood ties and live in a specific indigenous region.

Patrimonialism

Patrimonialism is a term commonly used to refer to a system of governance where the leader has absolute power.

Nomadic Society

The term “nomadic society” refers to a group of people with no permanent settlement area who keep on shifting in search of their basic needs.

Imperium

“Imperium” is an ancient term that refers to the power given by the state to a person to carry out activities that he deemed to be in the best interests of the state.

“Humanitas”

“Humanitas” is a common Latin term for kindness, human nature and civilization.

Constantine

Constantine, commonly known as Constantine the Great, was one of the greatest Roman emperors. He has been described as the first Christian emperor.

Roman Citizenship

This was a form of citizenship in Rome where men citizens enjoyed more protection and privileges than their women counterparts. In addition, slaves were considered mere property and enjoyed no rights.

Mandate of Heaven

The “Mandate of Heaven” was an ancient religious and political doctrine in China whereby kings and emperors were believed to possess divine powers that no other person would possess unless they legitimately obtained the stature of a king.

Confucius

He was a great Chinese philosopher who addressed many issues related to justice, honesty, equity in the government and personal character (Livaccari).

Shang Yang

Shang Yang was a founder of China’s legalist school. He brought about a significant social transformation in the era of change from bondage to feudalism.

Universal Religion

According to this concept, there are common principles in most religions that are applicable to all human beings. Believers in universal religion, therefore, are inclusive in their attitude toward other religions.

Five Pillars of Islam

They are the five foundational rules in Islam that Muslims should follow. They include shahadah (reciting the Muslim faith with sincerity), salat (properly performing five ritual prayers in a day), zakat (paying taxes for the sake of the poor), sawm (fasting during Ramadhan), and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca).

Islamic Caliphates

These were social and religious-based Islamic states that were established after the death of Prophet Muhammad. These states were left under the leadership of caliphs who were successors to Prophet Muhammad.

Islamic Intercommunicating Zone

This term refers to the spread and expansion of Islam into different zones or region, especially sub-Saharan Africa, under the scholarship of Muslim scholars dubbed “ulama.”

Jihad and Crusade

“Jihad” is a term used in Islam to refer to a ‘holy war.’ Individuals struggle against evil as they attempt to live in conformity with God’s guidance. On the other hand, the word “crusade” refers to a series of European expeditions in medieval times that were sanctioned by the Latin Church and aimed to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims.

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan was a superior Mongol leader who founded a huge Asian empire by uniting many nomadic tribes in the Northeast. He was believed to possess supernatural powers.

Pax Mongolia

“Pax Mongolia” is Latin for “Mongol Peace” and refers to the peace and prosperity that a large part of Europe and Asia witnessed following the Mongol conquest of these regions.

The Mongol Way

The term refers to the highly successful military system devised by Genghis Khan.

Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman the Magnificent was the most revered sultan of the Ottoman Empire who, through expansion and a reformation of the legal system, propelled the empire into its golden age. Charles V

Charles V was elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1519 and, by virtue of also holding the title of Spanish Emperor, controlled almost all of Western Europe. He was one of history’s most powerful individuals.

Feudalism

”Feudalism” was the ruling social system in medieval Europe, whereby people were classified into upper and lower social classes. The peasants provided military protection, labor and a share of the produce of the land on which land they lived to their lords.

Serfdom

“Serfdom” refers to the state of being a feudal laborer. The institution of serfdom endured for ages in Europe.

Indentured Servitude

In “indentured servitude”, servants provide labor to a particular employee for a determined period after which they are granted freedom or material property.

Slavery

This was a system through which principles of property law extended to human beings so that people were free to engage in the trade of human beings. Under this system, slaves lived under the command and control of their lords.

Plantation

This refers to a large piece of land used for the cultivation of specialized crops, mainly for commercial purposes.

Work Cited

Livaccari, Chris. “Just Who Was Confucius, Anyway?” Asia Society, Feb. 2010, asiasociety.org/china-learning-initiatives/just-who-was-confucius-anyway. Accessed 10 June 2019.