English

Posted: December 10th, 2013

1. Answer the following in a sentence or two: Why is it important to get to know the conversation surrounding your topic and your argument in an academic argument?

2. Answer the following question in a sentence or two: Induction is the form of reasoning in which we come to conclusions about the whole on the basis of observations of particular instances. What is the risk of inductive reasoning?

3. Answer the following question in a sentence or two: If you notice that the four items you bought at the campus bookstore are higher-priced than the four items at the bookstore downtown, you may come to the conclusion that the campus bookstore is a more expensive place to shop. What kind of reasoning is this? Inductive or deductive?

4. Answer the following question in a sentence or two: A scientific principle called the” uniformity of nature assumes that certain conclusions about oak trees growing in the temperate zones of North America will also be true for all oak trees growing under similar climatic conditions elsewhere in the world.What kind of reasoning is this? Inductive or deductive?

5. Choose the best answer. Conclusions reached through inductive reasoning are: a) true b) false c) certain or d) probable? What is your reason for your answer? Answer with 2-3 sentences.

6. Choose the best answer. In a syllogism, if one of the series of statements called premises is false, deductive logic tells us that the conclusion must be: a) true b) false c) certain or d) probable. What is your reason for answer? Answer with 2-3 sentences.

7. Use deductive reasoning to find the best answer.
If there are no dancers that aren’t slim and no singers that aren’t dancers, then which statements are always true? a)There is not one slim person that isn’t a dancer b)All singers are slim. c)Anybody slim is also a singer. d) none of the above. What is the reason for your answer? Answer with 2-3 sentences.

8. Use deductive reasoning to choose the best answer.
This is data supplied by the cabbage growers union report for 2007: 80% of cabbages collected were heavy (over 0.5 kg), 10% of cabbages were green, 60% were red and 50% were big (having a diameter of over 10 cm). Which of the following statements must be false? a) All red cabbages weren’t big. b)30% of the red cabbages were big c)There were no cabbages that were both green and big d)Half of the cabbages were small. What is your reason for answer? Answer with 2-3 sentences.

9) Use a 3 part syllogism to answer this. Change the following invalid conclusion to make it valid.

You have to be 16 years old to get a driver’s license. Abby will be 16 years old tomorrow. Therefore, Abby can now buy a car.

10. Answer the following in one sentence.
A warrant is an underlying value or assumption that often goes unstated in an argument. It’s important to be aware of the warrant because the opposing position can object to and argue against the warrant. What is the warrant in the following claim? The first four years of college education should be provided for free to all American citizens who are able.

11. Using your own words, write a paragraph that explains the similarities and differences between the three forms or structures of argument: Classical, Toulmin,and Rogerian. Be sure your paragraph uses appropriate terminology; for instance, it would be impossible to discuss Toulmin without using the term “warrant.” Demonstrate that you can recognize the similarities, can determine the factors that make them different, and can distinguish their purposes. (Up to 350 words)